(a) General. This section applies to an employee who performs a function listed in appendix I or appendix J to part 121 of this chapter directly or by contract for a part 121 certificate holder, a part 135 certificate holder, an operator as defined in §135.1(c) of this chapter, or an air traffic control facility not operated by the FAA or the U.S. military.

(b) Refusal by the holder of a certificate issued under this part to take a drug test required under the provisions of appendix I to part 121 or an alcohol test required under the provisions of appendix J to part 121 is grounds for --

(1) Denial of an application for any certificate or rating issued under this part for a period of up to 1 year after the date of such refusal; and

(2) Suspension or revocation of any certificate or rating issued under this part.