right control yoke (P2)

radio and navigation receivers

left control yoke (P1)

Three-Control Power Quadrant
Includes Carb Heat, Throttle, and Mixture controls.

Fuel Gauges and Load Amp Gauge, Oil Pressure Gauge, Oil Temperature Gauge, Fuel Pressure Gauge, and Cylinder Temp Gauge.

 

Registration Number
Displays your official registration, which air traffic controllers use to identify your plane.

Clock
giving Greenwich Mean Time or local time.

Airspeed Indicator
Displays how fast the plane is moving relative to the air. Airspeed is measured in “knots,” or nautical miles travelled per hour. An easy way to calculate your speed in miles per hour is to add 15 to every hundred knots. In other words, if your aircraft was cruising at 100 knots, you would be travelling at approximately 115 mph.

Engine Tachometer
Like a car’s tachometer, this indicates the number of revolutions per minute (RPM) of the aircraft engine.

Turn Coordinator
Displays the rate and the direction of a horizontal turn. The floating ball in the instrument helps the pilot prevent the airplane's tail from skidding to the outside of a turn or slipping to the inside.

Attitude Indicator
Also known as the “Artificial Horizon,” this instrument displays the plane’s position relative to the ground and the horizon. It is especially useful when conditions don’t allow clear vision through the windshield.

Directional Indicator
Indicates the plane’s heading

Altimeter
Displays your altitude. It reads like a clock, with the big hand indicating hundreds of feet, and the little hand marking thousands of feet.

Vertical Speed Indicator
Displays the plane’s rate of climb or descent in feet per minute (fpm).

VOR navigation indicators
The VOR navigation indicator gives the pilot aircraft position information by means of three components. The track selector, sometimes called the omnibearing selector or OBS, is used to rotate the azimuth ring, which displays the selected VOR track. This ring may also show the reciprocal of the selected track. The TO-FROM/OFF flag indicates whether the track will take the pilot to or from the station. If the aircraft is out of station range and cannot receive a reliable, usable signal the TO-FROM/OFF indicator displays OFF. Also, the OFF flag is displayed when the aircraft is directly over the station, when abeam of the station in the area of ambiguity (i.e., directly on either side of the station) or when beyond the reception range of the station selected.

Audio Control Panel
Controls the messages that are sent and received by the plane.

Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)
Some aircraft are equipped with an ADF receiver. They receive radio signals in the medium frequency band of 190 Khz to 1750 Khz. The ADF receiver can “Home” on both AM radio stations and Non-Directional Beacons. Commercial AM radio stations broadcast on 540 to 1620 Khz. Non-Directional Beacons (NDBs) operate in the frequency band of 190 to 535 Khz.

Transponder
Detects incoming radar signals and returns a signal that allows a controller on the ground to identify and follow your plane by radar. .